The problem may be related to a disorder of the adrenal glands themselves or to inadequate secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary gland. The adrenal glands may fail to produce adequate levels of cortisol for many reasons. In rare cases, an adrenal nodule is cancerous. The adrenal gland may also become enlarged. In about 10 percent of cases, nodules are more serious and cause an overproduction of certain hormones. In most cases, these growths are noncancerous. In general, diseases of the adrenal glands cause the glands to become overactive or underactive - producing too much or not enough hormone.Ībout 3 percent of people have one or more nodules of the adrenal glands. In turn, the pituitary gland produces hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands to produce hormones. The hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland. The adrenal glands interact with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The cortex produces steroid hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone and testosterone. The cortex produces hormones that affect blood pressure and blood sugar levels, growth and some sexual characteristics. The medulla and produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are commonly called adrenaline and noradrenaline. The medulla produces the hormones that regulate the body’s reaction to stress.
The adrenal glands-small glands located above both kidneys-are composed of two separate regions: the medulla and the cortex.
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